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Tudor Gardens

How the English ornamental garden developed during Tudor times

With the end of the Wars of the Roses, England under the Tudor monarchs became a more peaceful country than it had been previously. Architecture became less defensive and more outward looking and the rich further developed their gardens.

Orchards and Dessert

So how did English ornamental gardens develop in Tudor times? Of course it was only the wealthy who had such gardens; for the poor, gardens were still mainly about providing food and some medicinal herbs.

Mounts

Tudor mounts developed from the mounds built in Medieval castle gardens to give a view over the castle walls to the land outside. In contrast, mounts were often sited in orchards and planted with fruit and other trees. Steps or a winding path edged with herbs or flowers led to the top and to a seat, an arbour or even, if you were Henry VIII at Hampton Court, a two-storey banqueting house.

Banqueting Houses

At the start of the Tudor period, a banquet was not a meal of several courses served to a large number of guests. Instead it was a small, final course of spiced wine and perhaps fruit, or later on sweet dishes, served elsewhere while the tables in the great hall were being cleared for after dinner entertainment. A small, select group of guests would retire to a special room, known as a banqueting house, often in a corner of a walled garden or even on a roof, to enjoy what later became known as dessert, in relative privacy.

Knot Gardens and Royal Gardens

One very English feature of Tudor gardens was the knot garden, designed to be viewed from above, for example from the house, a mount or a gallery with arbours.

Designs could be simple or complicated, the geometric patterns laid out with low box hedges or clipped herbs and the spaces between filled with ornamental plants.

King Henry VIII ornamented the privy gardens at his palaces with timber poles, often painted in the Tudor colours of green and white, surmounted with carved, colourful heraldic beasts, such as lions, falcons, unicorns and dragons, and topped with a small flag. At Whitehall Palace these surrounded a fountain while at Hampton Court, wooden rails, again painted in green and white, ran between the poles to edge square beds.

Elizabethan Changes

In Elizabethan times, Italian renaissance style terraces became popular, with the house and garden being seen to complement each other.

These terraces were often divided into specific areas, commonly squares, containing such features as raised flower beds, a knot garden, an orchard, a grove or a flowery mead. Over time, the mead began to give way to smooth, manicured swards suitable for playing the popular game of bowls which had previously been banned by various monarchs, including Henry VIII, as they were worried it would interfere with archery practise.

While topiary and mazes remained popular, other features also became fashionable, including statuary, sundials, fountains and automated water features, gazebos and pleached allées.

Tudor Gardens

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